Affect labeling — Lieberman et al. (2007) showed that naming emotions reduces neural reactivity in the amygdala, supporting emotional regulation through expression.
Vocal biomarkers — Juslin & Laukka (2003) established that pitch, speech rate, and voice quality systematically encode emotional states, often more reliably than self-report.
Expressive writing — Pennebaker (1997) demonstrated that expressing emotions through language improves physical health, immune function, and psychological wellbeing.
Emotion suppression — Gross & Levenson (1997) found that habitual suppression increases physiological stress responses and reduces memory for emotional events.
Circumplex model — Russell (1980) mapped emotions along valence and arousal dimensions, the same framework underlying Manaswa\'s voice-to-emotion mapping.